Misconceptions of Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease
When it comes to Sickle Cell Anemia or Sickle Cell Disease (hereinafter referred to as "SCA" for the former and "SCD" for the latter, and used interchangeably), there are many misconceptions.  One, for example, is SCA only, or rather, for the most part, affects individuals of African/Caribbean descent.  This simply is not true.  According to University of Iowa Health Care (hereinafter referred to as "UIHC"), SCD 
"is the most common worldwide disease...passed through families...[and] is most commonly seen among individuals of African, Mediterranean, Caribbean and South American descent..." [1].  More specifically, "the sickle cell trait  is most common in people whose ancestors lived in malarial regions - not only Africa and South America, but the Mediterranean, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia." [2]

Another significant and common misconception is SCA must only or can only be treated (illness management) with pharmaceutical drugs.

Nutrition-Based Illness Management
SCA sufferers, as part of illness management, can increase their quality of life through reducing episodes of crises (also known as "sickle cell crises" hereinafter referred to as "SCC" or "EPOCs") through healthy living - specifically, a healthy nutrition.  Before we discuss the and end on a good note with the positive symptoms of SCD, let us discuss the negative symptoms of the same.

Factors Which Increase the Probability of EPOCs
According to "Keeping Well with Sickle Cell Disease.," [3] the following can increase your chances of experiencing an SCC, quote:
  1. Not having enough water in the body (dehydration).  Drink plenty of fluids (3-4 liters of water a day); avoid caffeine as it constricts blood vessels.
  2. Not eating enough food. Maintain a balanced diet [3].  Your nutrition should include "adequate calories, protein, fats, and vitamins and minerals (perhaps supplements of the latter two). Existence of studies suggesting omega-three fatty acids (fish oils and other types of healthy oils, and some found in dietary supplements) "make red blood cell membranes less fragile," thus potentially decreasing the advent/chance of sickling red blood cells; however; there is no conclusive evidence to support this stance. [4]
  3. Not taking recommended medications and vaccinations.  There is some disagreement regarding the former, however, the latter is discussed below.
  4. Being too cold or too hot.  Extreme or sudden/drastic changes in the weather/in temperature.
  5. Excessive physical exertion.  According to "Sickle Cell Anemia Treatment & Management," "patients may not be able to tolerate vigorous exercise," further suggesting restrictions for certain SCA suffers depending on their current physical condition(s); and/or, as above, drinking plenty of fluids. [5]
  6. Emotional Stress and Anxiety.  Light exercise coupled with healthy, nutritious food-intake can often play a significant role in the lives of individuals suffering from mental illness.  Exercise, however light, releases "feel good factor" chemicals throughout the body and the brain, which compliments a healthy food intake thus potentially turning that frown upside down.
  7. Infection(s).  Take precautions (i.e. Vaccinations) if you are travelling. [3]
Just Maintain a Healthy Food Intake: Could it Really be that Simple?
Despite the fact that there is no known cure for SCD, a healthy, balanced food intake based on excellent food choice can significantly reduce or prevent EPOCs. [1]  This is corroborated by various sources and studies which one can locate online.  Many sources suggest speaking to either a dietitian or nutritionist in order for the same to recommend a food-plan of sorts. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (hereinafter referred to as "NHLBI") suggests the following:

"A healthy diet that is low in saturated and trans-fats, sodium, sugar and dietary cholesterol.  Some healthy food options include various fruits, vegetables and whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables daily for individuals with sickle cell anemia.  Fruits and vegetables such as berries, citrus fruits, melons and green leafy vegetables are significant sources of essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and dietary fiber.  Low-fat dairy products, legumes and lean meats such as poultry, beef and fish are some other healthy food options that provide protein necessary for good health.  In addition to healthy foods, individuals with sickle cell anemia should consume at least eight (8) glasses of water daily to prevent dehydration." [1]
Works Cited

[1] Palacios, Anthony I.  “Sickle Cell Diet.”  Livestrong.com. 24 October 2013.  Web.  16 September 2014.

[2] Charles, Katie.  “Daily Checkup: Sickle Cell Disease is a hereditary, life-shortening ailment.”  New York Daily News.  16 September 2014.

[3] Brent Sickle Cell & Thalassaemia Center.  “Keeping Well with Sickle Cell Disease.”  Web.  16 September 2014.

[4] University of Maryland Medical Center.  “Sickle Cell Disease.”  27 June 2013. Web. 16 September 2014.

[5] Maakaron, Joseph E.  “Sickle Cell Anemia Treatment & Management.” Medscape.  2 September 2014. Web. 16 September 2014.
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